Multimedia encoding

Images

convert

size operations

  • resize: scale image
    convert in.png -resize 640x480 out.png
  • crop: crop image
    convert in.png -crop 640x480+10+10 out.png
  • extent: add margins or crops
    convert in.png -gravity center -extent 1420x1420       out.png
    convert in.png                 -extent 1420x1420-10-10 out.png

Annotate an image with text

Simple text:

convert in.png \
  -pointsize 20 -fill red -draw 'text 10,30 "My text" ' \
  out.png

Text with shadow:

convert in.png \
  -gravity SouthEast \
  -stroke '#000C' -strokewidth 2 -annotate 0 "My text" \
  -stroke none    -fill white    -annotate 0 "My text" \
  out.png

Append images

convert in1.png in2.png +append out.png # horizontally
convert in1.png in2.png -append out.png # vertically

More complex:

convert im1.png -resize 640x480 ppm:- \
	| convert im2.png - +append ppm:- \
		| convert im3.png - -append final.png

Create animated GIF

convert -delay 50 -loop 0 *.jpg out.gif

Formats

  • EPS to RGB:
    convert -density 600x600 -flatten -depth 8 -colorspace RGB file.eps ppm:- | convert - file.png

Exif

exiftool

  • restore exif Orientation tag: if you have photos captured with a device that sets the orientation tag, but you used a viewer that doesn't use this tag, and rotated the image with a software that doesn't update this tag, then the image is inconsistent and is not well displayed in exif-aware viewers. To reset the orientation tag, you can use the following command:
    exiftool -overwrite_original -Orientation="Horizontal (normal)" <file>

Video

mencoder

(comes with mplayer).

http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Mencoder_Introduction_Guide

General syntax:

mencoder \
  <input data> \
  <input options> \
  <output options> \
  <output data>

Input data and options

  • Video files
    mencoder \
      <input_file_1> <input_file_2> ... \
      <input options> \
      <output options> \
      <output data>
  • Image files
    mencoder \
      "mf://img.o.*.PNG" \
      -mf fps=25 \
      <output options> \
      <output data>
  • Image files from stdin (only works with jpg images, but you can use convert to pipe to mencoder)
    mencoder \
      - \
      -demuxer lavf -lavfdopts format=mjpeg \
      <output options> \
      <output data>
  • Video filters:
    • -vf yadif=0 : deinterlace
    • -vf scale=640:480 : scale video
    • -vf crop=w:h:x:y : crop video
    • -vf “crop=640:360:0:60,scale=1280:720” : multiple video filters
    • -vf pp=? : post processing subfilters

Output data and options

Specify the video codec with -ovc option, and audio codec with -oac option. copy is possible with both.

  • xvid
    mencoder \
      <input data> \
      <input options> \
      -ovc xvid -xvidencopts bitrate=800:quant_type=mpeg:gmc:chroma_opt:vhq=4:bvhq=1:trellis \
      -o <output_file>

    xvid encode options:

    • bitrate=<value>: constant bitrate, in kbs
    • fixed_quant=<1-31>: constant quantization (quality), lower is better
    • trellis : speeds up encoding
  • h264
    mencoder \
      <input data> \
      <input options> \
      -ovc x264 -x264encopts bitrate=800 \
      -o <output_file>

    x264 encode options:

    • bitrate=<value>: constant bitrate, in kbs
    • crf=<1.0-50.0>: constant quality, lower is better
  • WebM
    mencoder \
      <input data> \
      <input options> \
      -ovc lavc -ffourcc VP80 -of lavf -lavfopts format=webm -lavcopts vcodec=libvpx:vqscale=22.0 \
      -o <output_file>

    lavc options:

    • vbitrate=<value>: constant bitrate, in kbs
    • vqscale=<1.0-31.0>: constant quantization (quality), lower is better
  • mp3
    mencoder \
      <input data> \
      <input options> \
      -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=128 \
      -o <output_file>

Other operations

  • cut the file (here from 10'00“ to 10'30”):
    mencoder -ss 10:00 -endpos 30 -ovc copy -oac copy movie.avi -o submovie.avi

ffmpeg

  • video codec: -c:v libx264 or -c:v libxvid
  • audio codec: -c:a pcm_s16le or libmp3lame for video codec
  • codec bitrate: video -b:v 800k, audio -b:a 128k
  • codec quality: video -q:v 20, audio -q:a 90, x264 -crf 20
  • crop: -vf “crop=640:360:0:60”
  • resize: -vf “scale=1280:720”
  • pad: -vf “pad=1280:720:370:0”
  • rotate: -vf “transpose=2” (0=CCW+VF, 1=CW, 2=CCW, 3=CW+VF)
  • blur: -vf boxblur=10:1
  • overlay two videos:
    ffmpeg -i in1.avi -vf "movie=in2.avi [b]; [in][b] overlay=320:0"
    ffmpeg -i in1.avi -i in2.avi -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=320:0"
  • append side by side two videos:
    ffmpeg -i in_left.avi -vf "pad=1280:480 [left]; movie=in_right.avi [right]; [left][right] overlay=640:0" -c:v libx264 -b:v 800k out.avi
  • encode video from images sequence (eg for timelapse):
    ffmpeg -r 50 -i 01/all/image_1_%07d.pgm -c:v libx264 -b:v 800k video_01.avi
    ffmpeg -r 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.JPG" -c:v libsvtav1 -qp 20 video.mp4
  • cut clip (ss is start time, t is duration):
    ffmpeg -i in.avi -ss 00:00:23 -t 00:00:19 -vcodec copy -acodec copy out.avi
  • render subtitles (requires to be compiled with libass): -vf “subtitles=in.srt”
  • transform portrait video 640×480 to landscape 1280×720 with blurry repeated sides:
    ffmpeg -i in.avi -filter_complex "[0:v] transpose=2,scale=1280:720,boxblur=10:1 [bg]; [0:v] transpose=2,scale=540:720 [fg]; [bg][fg] overlay=370:0 [out]" -map 
    '[out]' -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 2000k -c:a copy out.avi

AviDemux

A GUI easier to use, like VirtualDub for Windows.

PhotoFilmStrip

Kdenlive

Tried Openshot and Cinelerra but seem crappy, Kdenlive seems to have better design.

  • Transitions : works between two video tracks that overlap (eg dissolve).
  • Audio track volume : add effect “Audio Correction / Volume (keyframable)”, then double click to add modification points.

Audio

mp3

lame

To encode from wav to mp3 in “speech” quality :

lame -V2 --vbr-new -q0 --lowpass 10 -s 22.05 -b32 file.wav file.mp3

mp3cut

To cut an mp3 file (warning: ID3 tags are not copied):

mp3cut -o output.mp3 -t 00:00:05+700-00:00:07+800 input.mp3

To concatenate mp3 files:

mp3cut -o output.mp3 input1.mp3 input2.mp3 input3.mp3

id3cp

To copy ID3 tags from a file to another one.

id3v2

To view and edit ID3 tags in command line.

kid3

To view and edit ID3 tags in GUI.

ogg

(using vorbis-tools package)

oggenc

To encode from wav to ogg in “speech” quality :

oggenc -b 32 --downmix --resample 22050 file.wav -o file.ogg

Converting from ogg to ogg in “speech” quality :

oggdec -b 16 -R file.ogg -o - | oggenc -r -B 16 -C 1 -b 32 --resample 22050 - -o file_recomp.ogg

sox

play, record, process

  • Cut: (start position / length)
    sox in_file.wav out_file.wav trim 2:37:32 4:00
  • Reencode:
    sox in_file.type1 out_file.type2
    sox in_file.type1 -t type2 - | oggenc ...

ffmpeg

  • extract sound track from video:
    ffmpeg -i video.avi sound.mp3
software/video.txt · Last modified: 2024/05/12 22:48 by cyril
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